Symptoms Following Concussion

Postraumatic Migraine Characteristics in Athletes Following Sports-Related Concussion

• Authors: Mihalik, Stump, Collins, Lovell, Field, Maroon
• Publication: Journal of Neurosurgery
• Date: Jan 01, 2005

Abstract:
The object of this study was to compare symptom status and neurocognitive functioning in athletes with no headache, athletes complaining of headache, and athletes with characteristics of posttraumatic migraine group. Neurocognitive tests were undertaken by 261 high-school and collegiate athletes with a a mean age of 16.36 +/- 2.6 years.

Relationship Between Post-Concussion Headache and Neuropsychological Test Performance in High School Athletes

• Authors: Collins, Field, Lovell, Iverson, Johnston, Maroon, Fu
• Publication: American Journal of Sports Medicine
• Date: Jan 01, 2003

Abstract:
The relevance of headache to outcome following sports concussion is poorly understood and no studies exist examining this issue. The current study was conducted to investigate whether post-concussion headaches are associated with neurocognitive deficits and/or presence of other post-concussion symptoms at approximately one-week post injury. Study participants included 110 high school athletes who sustained concussion. Concussed athletes were divided into two groups, those reporting no headache at approximately day 7 post-injury and those reporting headaches. Dependent measures included symptom and neurocognitive test results collected via ImPACT, a computerized neuropsychological test battery. Groups were compared across both cognitive and symptom domains as well to the presentation of on-field markers of concussion severity at the time of injury. Results suggest that athletes reporting post-traumatic headache demonstrated significantly worse performance on Reaction Time (p < .001) and Memory (p < .02) cognitive composite scores as compared to athletes not reporting headache. These athletes also reported significantly more symptoms other than headache (p < .001) and were more likely to have demonstrated on-field anterograde amnesia (X2 = 4.2, p = .04). Our study suggests that any degree of post-concussion headache in high school athletes is likely associated with an incomplete recovery following concussion.

Memory Dysfunction Eight-Days Post Injury in High School Athletes

• Authors: x
• Publication: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
• Date: Jan 01, 2002

Relation Between Fogginess and Outcome Following Concussion

• Authors: Iverson, Gaetz, Lovell, Collins
• Publication: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology
• Date: Jan 01, 2002

Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between the subjective report of feeling foggy at one-week post concussion and acute neuropsychological outcome. The outcome variables were derived from a computerized neuropsychological screening battery (ImPACT). Participants were 110 high school students who sustained a sports-related concussion and were evaluated 5-10 days post injury (mean = 6.8 days). Athletes were divided into two groups on the basis of self-reported fogginess. The first group reported no fogginess (n = 91), whereas the second group reported experiencing some degree of fogginess (n = 19) on a 6-point scale. The athletes with persistent fogginess experienced a large number of other post-concussion symptoms, compared to the athletes with no reported fogginess. In addition, the athletes with persistent fogginess had significantly slower reaction times, reduced memory performance, and slower processing speed. Thus, athletes with any degree of self-reported fogginess at one-week post injury are likely to have persistent adverse effects from their concussions in multiple domains.